An electronic control module is mounted either under the motorcycle's seat or under the cover located on one side and just below the seat. Two electronically controlled fuel injectors (one for each cylinder) are mounted into the intake manifold and control the fuel supply. The throttle body, also known as a TB, looks similar to a carburetor and includes a butterfly to regulate airflow, but it has no jets or float bowl to store fuel.Ī TB's main function is to regulate air. In comparison to a carbureted engine, an electronic fuel-injection system mounts a throttle body instead of a carburetor to the intake manifold. Additionally, simple tools such as the common screwdriver are typically used for adjustments.Ĭonversely, EFI is rather hypothetical and shadowy because it uses complex computers, obscure "black boxes," and mysterious injectors to control an engine's fuel supply. As such, carburetor tuning is straightforward and uses tangible items such as jets, screws, and needles for tuning. To tune a carb, one simply replaces a jet with a larger (richer) or smaller (leaner) jet, turns a screw either in or out, substitutes a tapered needle with another, or drills or plugs various fuel or air orifices. The number of tuning jets used varies depending on the carb design, but simple carbs generally include three jets or circuits (idle jet, low-speed jet, and high-speed or main jet), while complex carbs have more. At the same time, fuel is gravity-fed from the motorcycle's main fuel tank to the carb's float bowl, or fuel storage area.įuel jets then meter approximately the correct amount of fuel based on the vacuum signal at the venturi. As air flows through the venturi, it creates a low-pressure area at the venturi. Airflow is regulated through the induction tract by the carburetor butterfly. The carburetor includes a venturi, fuel and air jets, and a butterfly. With a carbureted engine, you have a main fuel tank and a carburetor mounted to an intake manifold, which in turn is mounted to the cylinder heads. To better understand electronic fuel injection, it helps to understand some carburetor basics. For those reasons, it is helpful to know a few basics about electronic fuel injection and some of the tuning aids available. However, if you deviate slightly from the exact parts combination or the planets align unfavorably, EFI tuning can get dicey.
For these reasons, some performance manufacturers offer custom EFI maps for specific performance parts combinations. In fact, many engine builders are constantly searching for the Holy Grail-the perfect EFI "map" for their performance engine combination. EFI is more complex than carburetion and often requires increased costs for a serious performance induction package (parts and tuning).
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Nonetheless, as with most things in life, there is no free lunch. It also offers street riders the benefits of improved cold or hot starting, crisper acceleration under varied operating conditions, and smoother running at high altitudes. EFI reduces fuel emissions because it meters fuel more accurately than a carburetor. The impetus for migration to EFI is to meet the more demanding federal emissions standards intended to take effect in California in 2006 and in 2008 for the other 49 states. Starting in 2007, all Harley models are shipped with EFI, including Sportys for the first time. Since then, the factory has followed a slow but steady evolution toward equipping more and more models with EFI.
Harley-Davidson introduced electronic fuel injection (EFI) to its product line in 1995.
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